Believed by the Egyptians to posses a glow casted by Ra the Sun God, is the November birthstone Topaz. 
Another mistake that is often made among gemstones is Novembers alternate yellow birthstone, the Citrine. Years ago, there was a rapid growth in popularity of the lemon colored gemstones by the European bourgeoisie. They wanted flashy, elaborate baubles containing what is called Golden or Smoky Topaz, when in fact, these were merely treated citrine. Around the middle of the 18th century, it was discovered that amethyst could be heated to very high temperatures to create the look of yellow citrine, thus starting the trend. 
October is another one of those fun months with more than one traditionally recognized birthstone.
As of 1912, the American National Association of Jewelry adopted the pink tourmaline as the official birthstone for October. In addition to the range of pink hues, tourmaline can be found in just about any color from black (most common) to colorless. The very popular "watermelon" variety have a stunning color fade from pink to green. Many of these stones have a dichroic effect meaning that they appear to change color when viewed from different angles.
Known as the "Stone of Saturn", the alluring Sapphire is said to represent wisdom and nobility. In earlier times, it is said that lovers would exchange these gems as gifts in order to assure the faithfulness for their partners. In other words, if you were living foul, your deep blue nuggets would be as dull cobblestones. (Pre-historic polygraph tests?)The earliest recordings of sapphire mining goes back to around the 7th century. Most quality stones can be found in Sri Lanka, Australia, Thailand, Tanzania and Kashmir.
They come in a wide range of colors such as yellow, black, white, orange, pink, brown and of course blue. Red sapphires are considered rubies and should not be confused although chemically and structurally the two are one and the same.
When heat treated, their color is greatly improved by the reduction of cloudiness caused by inclusions. It's rare to find large specimens of sapphire, however, the largest known stone is the grayish blue "Star of India" which boast 563.35 carats and is housed at the American Museum of Natural History. It was cut specifically to reflect light from its inclusions producing an odd six legged star pattern.
Another very popular sapphire was one worn by Princess Diana. Although she kept an impressive collection of family jewels, she chose an engagement ring with a huge sapphire surrounded by 14 flawless diamonds. A perfect choice for a princess, as these gems were worn through out history by kings and queens.
True diva.
Don't be mistaken; this isn't a repeat of May's birthstone, the emerald. These green beauties are Peridots which represent the month of August.
These gems have a tendency to sparkle even in dim settings which lead sailors thousands of years ago to discover them one moonlit night on the Island of Serpents. As they landed, they were drawn to what appeared to be "glowing" crystals in the sand. Natives of Hawaii, where they are also found, believed that they were the tears of the Goddess Pele when they would find them shimmering in the black sands of volcanoes.
Ruby
White Diamond
Sapphire
Well, it was only a matter of time before the "Bling" wars took it to the next level. 
My hopes are that this will eventually put an end to all of the hallow boasting among grown men with something to prove. Owning a dozen glittery chains is nothing to brag about when it's a lie. One day we can get back to appreciating the beauty and rarity of precious stones as well as fine craftsmanship that goes into making the unbelievable pieces that are made for those that 
(raw emerald)
